5 Rocking Ubuntu-Based Linux Distributions

1.Linux Mint

Linux Mint is an Ubuntu-based distribution whose goal is to provide a more complete out-of-the-box experience by including browser plugins, media codecs, support for DVD playback, Java and other components. It also adds a custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, and a web-based package installation interface. Linux Mint is compatible with Ubuntu software repositories.

 Desktop: Fluxbox, GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Xfce

 Home Page: linuxmint.com

 

2.Ultimate Edition

Ultimate Edition, first released in December 2006, is a fork of Ubuntu. The goal of the project is to create a complete, seamlessly integrated, visually stimulating, and easy-to-install operating system. Single-button upgrade is one of several special characteristics of this distribution. Other main features include custom desktop and theme with 3D effects, support for a wide range of networking options, including WiFi and Bluetooth, and integration of many extra applications and package repositories.

Desktop: GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Openbox, Xfce

 Home Page: ultimateedition.info

 

3.Trisquel GNU/Linux

Trisquel GNU/Linux is a 100% libre Ubuntu-based Linux distribution. Its main purpose is to provide an operating system for varied audience, including home and office users, educational institutions, multimedia workstations, etc. The project is managed by independent developers and is partially funded by donations.

 Desktop: GNOME, LXDE, Openbox 

Home Page trisquel.info

 

4.Lubuntu

Lubuntu is a fast, lightweight and energy-saving variant of Ubuntu using the LXDE (Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment) desktop. It is intended to have low-resource system requirements and is designed primarily for netbooks, mobile devices and older PCs.

Desktop: LXDE, Openbox

 Home Page: lubuntu.net

 

5.Bodhi Linux

 

Bodhi Linux is an Ubuntu-based distribution for the desktop featuring the elegant and lightweight Enlightenment window manager. The project, which integrates and pre-configures the very latest builds of Enlightenment directly from the project's development repository, offers modularity, high level of customisation, and choice of themes. The default Bodhi system is light -- the only pre-installed applications are Midori, LXTerminal, PCManFM, Leafpad and Synaptic but more software is available via Bodhi Software Center, a web-based software installation tool.

Desktop: Enlightenment

Home Page: bodhilinux.com

 Enjoy....................... ;-)

How to Make Ubuntu Look Like Windows 7

Ubuntu has pretty good theming system, visual effects, and eye-candy stuff, but you may love the elegance of Windows 7 Aero glass, transparency, or the Start Menu. Today I’ll show you how to transform Ubuntu to look like Windows 7.

Of course, it won’t be an exact match, but it’s close enough that at first glance a lot of people would think it’s Windows 7. Keep reading to see how to do this.

Installing the Win7 Theme

Let’s start by entering some commands—just open up a terminal window and enter this:

"cd ~/

sudo wget http://web.lib.sun.ac.za/ubuntu/files/help/theme/gnome/win7-setup.sh

sudo chmod 0755 ~/win7-setup.sh

~/win7-setup.sh"

This will download a script file that will be used later to tell your computer what files to download to complete the Win7 theme packages install. Once finished, a window will tell you that the installation will start now so just press OK.

Another window will pop up asking if you want to continue, answer yes for that window too. Now the terminal will begin downloading and installing the theme. It may take some time depending on your Internet speed. After that, a window will appear

Press OK, then back in the terminal enter:

"setup-win7-theme"

This command will setup Win7 theme and your computer will start transforming into windows style immediately. Wait for a few seconds and you will see a window asking you to logout so logout and log in again and this is what you will see:

Now your Ubuntu looks almost exactly like Windows. Congratulations! Now you have WinBuntu! You can even right-click the start button and choose “properties” to customize the start menu.

Uninstalling the Win7 Theme

During the setup of Win7 theme script, a backup of the previous Gnome settings got saved in your home folder, so if you ever get bored of this theme, you can uninstall it and rollback to previous Gnome state. The only downside though, is that there is no automatic uninstallation.

It’s not hard to do the uninstallation. Open your home folder there should be a file named “win7-uninstall.tar.gz”, open it with your archive manager and you’ll find your home folder, double-click it and you’ll see your username, double-click it too. There should be a “.gconf” file, extract that file to your home folder.

Forcefully uninstalling

In some cases when you try uninstalling the theme it won’t uninstall completely, leaving some Windows 7 icons or desktop wallpaper. In cases like this, you’ll have to remove the theme by deleting it’s files manually but don’t worry, it is easier than you think. Just open up a terminal window and type the following command followed by the enter key.

"rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd .metacity"

NOTE: This will restore your gnome appearance setting back to the default like when you first installed Ubuntu.

IT@School Project (Kerala, India): Worlds largest simultaneous FOSS deployment

IT@School:At a Glance


* World’s largest simultaneous deployment of FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) based ICT education
* Capacity building of the teaching and the learning community
* Infrastructure Upgradation of schools under ICT scheme
* Broadband internet connectivity to all schools in the state
* Hardware Clinics- first of its kind to repair damaged computers at schools
* Unique scheme for electrification of classrooms to fuel ICT enabled education.
* ICT based Content Development for teachers and students
* E-Governance Initiatives in General Education department
* School Wiki – to promote collaborative content development

* EDUSAT initiatives in the state including ViCTERS educational channel

* The target group of IT@School Project is the dynamic group of students, teacher and parents, but primarily the Students. Today after 10 years of operations in the state, IT@School has proven that ICT enabled education could be implemented in the state in a phased manner which would benefits millions of student populace. A breakup of the target population is as below;

o Over 12,000 schools
o About 60 lakh students
o About 2 lakh teachers

IT@School Project has successfully rolled out several programmes which included the development of its own Operating System - IT@School GNU/Linux- which is now being used in all the schools in the state. Apart from this, several educational softwares like Dr. Geo, Rasmol, K-Tech lab, Geogebra, Chemtool, Kalcium etc are being extensively customised by the Project in developing teacher friendly applications for facilitating complete ICT enabled education in the state. The Project has also prepared interactive multimedia CDs, Handbooks & Training modules for ICT, as well as Text books for IT in standard 8, 9 and 10. Every content developed by the Project is strictly as per the new curriculum approach based on the National Curriculum Framework 2005. The Project has also associated with Intel Skool for collaborative content development programmes http://kerala.skoool.in .

The Project has also developed contents for Upper Primary classes – for 5-7 classes and the same has been given to all schools. To add with this, the Project had developed E-Text books for Std 8 to 10.
The ICT enabling process which was piloted in the state two years back has become a success; with this year’s 8th Standard IT text book being entirely based on ICT enabled education, with inputs from all subjects. An unique 8GB Resource DVD for teachers was also developed by IT@School Project, which included the latest edition of Edusoft, 50 selected articles from Malayalam Wiki, Malayalam Computing tools, IT@School Linux 3.2 Operating system, New Edition of Ubuntu OS, ICT Training module, Educational contents on Biology & Maths and PDF versions of Textbooks and Handbooks. The ICT training by making use of the Resource DVD is been imparted to over 60,000 teachers in the state.

The Project also introduced a customized version of WIKI, namely www.schoolwiki.in which provides a comprehensive knowledge database of all schools in the state. The aim of SchoolWiki is to bring out collaborative data building and to generate more interest among students to learn Malayalam and to generate more contents in various subjects. Schoolwiki also features an ICT Learning Corner, which would include the various contents prepared by schools for all subjects in ICT enabled education. The various contents are packed in DVD and CD ROMs which are supplied free of cost to the schools with the idea of free distribution among the learning and teaching community. This process eventually resulted in the Free Digital Library at Schools wherein the contents included the subjectwise contents, contents which are telecasted through ViCTERS channel, exam oriented programmes etc. With all schools provided with Broadband connectivity, most of these contents were also made available online.

An important fact to be noted here is that all these contents and applications which are developed by the Project are completely developed or customized using Free Software only. The main reason for adopting free software platform is that it gives freedom to an individual to study, copy, modify and re-distribute any content and this process would be beneficial to the whole society, besides considering the cost factor.

Download: it@school-gnu-linux-3.8


Awards

Stockholm Challenge 2010- Honorable Mention

IT@School Project has received glorious recognition at the Stockholm Challenge Awards -2010, an international award for innovative information technology projects, invariably termed as the biggest recognition for ICT interventions in development sector on a global platform. In the Stockholm Challenge Awards -2010, IT@School has received Honorable Mention in Education category, which is awarded to the top projects. A total of 290 projects from 90 different nations competed for the prestigious award under six categories. The Stockholm Challenge Award which was started in 1994 at Stockholm, Sweden, is considered to be the greatest recognition in ICT initiatives all around the world. Dr. Bebo White, Former Department Associate of Stanford University of USA heads the 10-member Jury as its Chairman.

Open Document Format (ODF) Alliance Award 2009

IT@School Project received the ODF Alliance Award 2009 for exemplary contributions to ODF community development and education. ODF Alliance awards recognize the contribution of individuals or entities who have significantly advanced document freedom. The Open Document Format Alliance is an organization of governments, academic institutions, non-government organizations and industry dedicated to educating policy makers, IT administrators and the public on the benefits and opportunities of ODF.

The World is Open Award 2008

The IT@School Project, under Department of General Education, Government of Kerala bagged ‘The World is Open Award 2008’ for promoting the use of Open source technology.The award was given for the first time as a joint venture of Skotch Consultancy Services and Redhat. The Award was Given away by Punjab National Bank CMD Chakraborthy to Sri. K. Anvar Sadath, Executive Director, IT@School Project at an award ceremony held at Indian Habitat Center, New Delhi, on 19th March 2008. The Jury consisting of Dr. Vijayaditya, Controller of Certifying Authourity, Dr. Phatak, IIT-Mumbai, selected IT@School Project for the award in educational sector through out the Nation after evaluating 163 Projects.

E-India award - 2008 National
E-Governance award 2005
Kerala State E-Governance Award 2010



A brief outlay of the Project

Name of the Project: IT@School Project
Proponent Organization: Department of General Education, Government of Kerala
Implementation State: Kerala, India
Target Population: About 2 lakh teachers and more than 60 lakh students in Kerala
Organization & Address: IT@School project, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerala, INDIA. Pin code: - 695012
Email: director@itschool.gov.in

Customize The GRUB Boot Loader Using BURG

Are you setting up your computer to dual-boot between two operating systems (or more)? If so, you must be familiar with the boot loader. This tool enables users to choose which operating system he/she wants to log into. The boot loader that comes with the Ubuntu installation is called GRUB.

GNU GRUB is a Multiboot boot loader. It was derived from GRUB, the GRand Unified Bootloader, which was originally designed and implemented by Erich Stefan Boleyn.
Briefly, a boot loader is the first software program that runs when a computer starts. It is responsible for loading and transferring control to the operating system kernel software (such as the Hurd or Linux). The kernel, in turn, initializes the rest of the operating system (e.g. GNU,Ubuntu).

As useful as it is, the GRUB boot loader is not looking so pretty. The interface is only as beautiful as a text-based interface can be. Even though some people can live with it just fine, some others wish they could beautify the look a little bit. If you don’t mind meddling with command lines, you can apply some eye candy (and more functionalities) to GRUB with the help of BURG.

BURG

According to the explanation in the Community Ubuntu Documentation:
BURG stands for Brand-new Universal loadeR from GRUB. It’s based on GRUB and adds features like new object format and configurable menu system.

Get BURG

BURG is not included in Ubuntu’s standard repository. So you should add the server that hosts BURG files to the repository by executing this command line:

"sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bean123ch/burg"

Then you should download and install BURG (loader, themes and emulator). Use this command to do that:

"sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install burg"

Configuring BURG

Skip the First 3 steps and 4th step will ask you to choose which device is the “GRUB install device“. If your computer has only one hard drive, you will only see one device. The problem is, how to select it? To avoid accidentally skipping this configuration, press Space to select the device before pressing Enter. You have Multiple Hard Drives select one installed with GRUB.

New Look to Your GRUB

The configuration is now done. You can restart your system and the GRUB boot loader menu will be replaced by BURG.

Navigating within BURG is easy: use the arrow keys on the keyboard to choose the operating system and Enter to load it.

You can also switch between themes easily by pressing F2 to bring up the list of available themes, move between the items with arrow keys, and hit Enter to choose one. Here are some examples of available themes.



Installing BURG From Windows

BURG also comes with a Windows installer

Download Page

This method to be working only if you installed Ubuntu from within Windows. So for those who installed Ubuntu alongside Windows, you have to stick with the command lines...

How to install Burg boot loader in Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal

* To Install Burg in Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal, Open termianl and enter the following commands :

"sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/burg"

"sudo apt-get update"

"sudo apt-get install burg burg burg-common-pc-emu burg burg burg-themes-themes-common"

* Now to make BURG integrate the HardDisk enter the following command in terminal:
"burg sudo-install "(hd0)""
Remember to substitute ‘hd0′ with the drive on which your MBR is installed.

* Now update burg:

"sudo update-burg"

* Change Theme.

Burg comes with many nice temes by default, to change theme, reboot and press "T" on your keyboard at Burg screen. then select the theme you want to use.

If you want to use another easy way to configue burg, you need to install Burg- manager


Advance Method to Install BURG

Wubi install

If you install ubuntu using wubi, follow steps in this section. Otherwise, jump to the next section.

First, download the latest burg_wubi package from the download area, and extract to C:\ubuntu\ directory.

To enable graphic menu, download the latest burg-themes package from download area, and extract to C:\ubuntu\burg\ directory.

Then, copy C:\ubuntu\burg\wubildr to C:\ and overwrite the old file.

That's it, it will display BURG menu next time you start wubi from NT loader.

To restore the original loader, just copy C:\ubuntu\winboot\wubildr to C:\.

BTW, you may notice that all OS uses the unknown icon, this is because wubildr rely on /boot/grub/grub.cfg to add menu items, but grub.cfg don't have the --class option which is required to display OS icon properly. This is easy to fix. Login ubuntu, copy 10_lupin and 30_os-prober from /host/ubuntu/burg/ directory to /etc/grub.d/, then run update-grub to generate a new grub.cfg.

Normal install

Here are the steps to install BURG using PPA package from launchpad.

1. Insert these lines to /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/bean123ch/burg/ubuntu lucid main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/bean123ch/burg/ubuntu lucid main

You should replace lucid with the correct code name. Currently the following release are supported: jaunty (9.04), karmic (9.10), lucid (10.04), maverick (10.10).

And install burg and related themes using these commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install burg

If you want to avoid the warning about unknown signature, use these commands to import it:

gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 55708F1EE06803C5
gpg --export --armor 55708F1EE06803C5 | sudo apt-key add -

Then, install burg to MBR with the following command:

sudo burg-install /dev/sda
sudo update-burg

Change hd0 if you want to install to other disk.

2. Edit configuration file /etc/default/burg

For the latest version, you don't need to modify /etc/default/burg at all. If you upgrade from previous version, it's recommended to change the setting of GRUB_THEME and GRUB_FOLD to:

GRUB_THEME=saved
GRUB_FOLD=saved

This allows you to change theme and folding options dynamically.

Here are the hot-keys defined in the boot menu:

* t - Open theme selection menu
* f - Toggle between folding mode
* n - Jump to the next item with the same class
* w - Jump to the next Windows item
* u - Jump to the next Ubuntu item
* e - Edit the command of current boot item
* c - Open a terminal window
* 2 - Open two terminal windows
* h - Display help dialog (only available in sora theme)
* i - Display about dialog (only available in sora theme)
* q - Return to old grub menu
* F5/ctrl-x - Finish edit
* F6 - Switch window in dual terminal mode
* F7 - List the folded boot items
* F8 - Toggle between graphic and text mode
* F9 - shutdown
* F10 - reboot
* ESC - quit from the current popup menu or dialog.

Since 20100309 version, burg also supports grub2 theme. To try it, set GRUB_THEME to the name of the theme file, and run update-burg. Currently only one grub2 theme is available in burg-themes package:

GRUB_THEME=/boot/burg/themes/debian-theme/theme.txt


3. Live preview themes in host OS

To preview the current configuration, use this command:

sudo burg-emu

grub2 theme needs to access disk directly, to preview it, you need to add -D option:

sudo burg-emu -D

4. Troubleshooting

If you encounter issue with BURG, try the tipsBURG fails to start after I boot into Windows??

This happens mostly to Dell machines. The root cause of this issue is that some program writes information at the beginning of disk, which overwrites part of the multi-sector BURG MBR. The solution is to use alternative install mode that uses only one sector MBR which is guaranteed to be safe.

You can boot into rescue CD, open a rescue shell on the original root device, and use something like this to install BURG to MBR:

burg-install --alt /dev/sda

The option --alt indicates alternative install mode.

BURG works, but it hangs when I try to boot Linux??

This could be caused by the protected mode Linux loader, you can try the old real mode loader linux16/initrd16. Boot into rescue shell, add this settings to /etc/default/burg:

GRUB_LINUX16=true

Then use update-burg to generate a new burg.cfg.

Top 10 Free Games For Ubuntu

1. Nexuiz

Nexuiz was originally developed by Lee Vermeulen and Forest ‘LordHavoc’ Hale, who started Alientrap Software in the summer of 2002. The goal of the project was to create a high quality first person shooter that could be played freely across all platforms in one package: PC, Mac, and Linux. The engine that powered Nexuiz was Forest Hale’s Darkplaces engine.

The first version of the game was released in 2005. Development continued with many online contributors over the years, with version 2.5 released in October of 2009. Since its release it has been downloaded over 5 million times, and is included with many Linux distributions.

In mid-2010 it was announced that a new XBLA, PSN, and Steam downloadable remake of Nexuiz would be done from the ground up by IllFonic using Crytek’s highly anticipated CryENGINE3 game engine. Original Nexuiz designer Forest ‘LordHavoc’ Hale is now working with Illfonic on the new version, and Lee Vermeulen moved towards Capsized development.

Several notable features of the game include

* ability to multiplay up to 64 players
* ability to generate bots for practice sessions
* dynamic lighting system similar to Doom 3

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2.VDrift

Want realistic racing? Then you need to try VDrift. First released in 2005 by Joe Venzon and inspired by Gran Turismo, Venzon created a simple racing game powered by the Vamos Automotive Simulator. Two years, three programmers, and a ton of code later, it's got extremely realistic physics, 28 cars, 19 tracks, AI players, networking, and great looking graphics.

VDrift is a driving simulation game, made with drift racing in mind. The driving physics engine was recently re-written from scratch but was inspired and owes much to the Vamos physics engine. It is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL) v2. It is currently available for Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and Windows.

This game is in the early stages of development but is already very playable. Currently the game features:

* Over 40 tracks based on famous real-world tracks
* Almost 40 cars based on real-world vehicles
* Very realistic, simulation-grade driving physics
* Mouse/joystick/gamepad/wheel/keyboard support
* Fully modeled tracks, scenery and terrain
* Several different camera modes
* Basic replay system with Skip Forward/Skip Backward
* Fully customizable controls
* Joystick, mouse and keyboard input filtering
* Brake and reverse lights
* Driver aids: automatic shifting, traction control, anti-lock braking
* Experimental force feedback
* Race against up to 3 AI with variable difficultly
* Engine and road sounds
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3.Tremulous

Tremulous is a free, open source game that blends a team based FPS with elements of an RTS. Players can choose from 2 unique races, aliens and humans. Players on both teams are able to build working structures in-game like an RTS. These structures provide many functions, the most important being spawning. The designated builders must ensure there are spawn structures or other players will not be able to rejoin the game after death. Other structures provide automated base defense (to some degree), healing functions and much more…

Player advancement is different depending on which team you are on. As a human, players are rewarded with credits for each alien kill. These credits may be used to purchase new weapons and upgrades from the “Armoury”. The alien team advances quite differently. Upon killing a human foe, the alien is able to evolve into a new class. The more kills gained the more powerful the classes available.

The overall objective behind Tremulous is to eliminate the opposing team. This is achieved by not only killing the opposing players but also removing their ability to respawn by destroying their spawn structures.

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4.Alien Arena

Alien Arena is a completely free FPS started by COR Entertainment in 2004 comprising of a science fiction ambience and a Quake like gameplay. This game is playable in single player mode against bots, but the action and thrill lies at the online multiplayer mode. Features of the Alien Arena 2007 include an internal server browser for finding other people to play online and an external program that acts as an IRC interface. There are 6 game types and 6 game mutators that changes the gameplay. Cattle Prod is a new game type that requires you to herd robotic cattle to earn points. Alien Arena 2007 is playable in Windows, Linux and FreeBSD.

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5.TORCS

If you want a powerful racing game, look no further than TORCS, The Open Racing Car Simulator. It's gone from a 1997 2D soapbox derby simulator to a powerful 3D racing game with championships, tons of tracks, a thriving community, and all the third party tracks and cars you can download. There are even two online championships: TORCS Driving Championship and
The TORCS Racing Board.

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6.Trigger

If arcade-style racing is your style, give Trigger a try. It's simple: they give you a car, and you have to navigate a tricky path full of off-road terrain with an extremely tippy car.
Go too fast, and you risk flipping off of the road. But move too slowly, and you risk being dominated by your cunning AI opponents.

To install, just use your favorite package manager to grab the 'trigger' package in
the universe repository.

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7.America’s Army


America’s Army is a tactical, multiplayer, FPS (first person shooter) owned by the United States Government and released as a global public relations initiative to help with U.S. Army recruitment. The first version, Recon, was released on 4th July 2002. The current version 2.8.2 was released on september 2007. Latest Linux available version is 2.5

It’s the first well known computer game used for political aims. The game is used as a playable recruiting tool and critics have charged the game serves as a propaganda device. A counter on the homepage of the PC version shows over eight million registered accounts as of 2007. GameSpy tracked the game usage and reported an average of 4,500 players at any one time between 2002 and 2005.

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8.TrueCombat: Elite

TC:Elite happens to be a total-conversion modification of Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory by Team Terminator and Groove Six Studios. The game is free and playable across all platforms. Notable features include iron sights aiming (no crosshair), multi layer object penetration, letterbox / wide screen view modes, lag compensation, client side bullet prediction and support for PunkBuster, the anti cheat software.


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9.Scorched 3D

Scorched 3D is a 100% free turn-based artillery game modeled after the classic DOS game Scorched Earth ‘The Mother Of All Games’. Operatable across all operating systems. What started as a 3D landscape generator has now become a cool 3D game that requires skills to master. Players are supposed to take turns homing in to hit the target by adjusting the angle, rotation, power and a weapon of choice every other turn. Hits and kills will generate income for you to buy better weapons and items. Note that items are as important as weapons.

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10.Savage 2

Savage 2 is a fast-paced, unique First Person Shooter slash Real Time Strategy. While the game is primarily a First Person Shooter, it incorporates elements of strategy into the game, making it more akin to Tremulous or Wolfenstein than, say, OpenArena.

Apart from choosing a faction, you can also select from one of the several combat units, including pure fighters, spell casters, builders, or even an artillery team. Each has a unique role, different from the rest. It is important to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each character and use them accordingly, helping your team win. For example, as an engineer, you will avoid direct combat and focus on repairing defensive structure. As a magician, you will heal your teammates and cast spells from afar. Choosing the right strategy is the key to playing well.

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Please Post Your Favorite Games too... All The Best

A few Ubuntu Derivatives You Should Know About

Lubuntu
Lubuntu is a faster, more lightweight and energy saving variant of Ubuntu based on LXDE desktop, the Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment. Lubuntu is actually not part of the Ubuntu family yet, but might soon become one. According to Distrowatch's statistics, Lubuntu is already popular than Ubuntu derivatives like Kubuntu and Xubuntu and even fares well against such established names like Mandriva. Lubuntu project started off in 2008 only.

* Install Lubuntu in Ubuntu 11.04 by doing the following in Terminal.

"sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop"

* Done. Lubuntu desktop will now be available within your Ubuntu GDM login window as a different session already.

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Kubuntu
Kubuntu is Ubuntu's KDE based desktop. Kubuntu does not have a good rapport among KDE users and it is considered to be one of the worst implementations of KDE among other Linux distros running KDE. Though I haven't tested it out myself, latest Kubuntu 11.04 is considered to be a much improved version.

* Install Kubuntu in Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal by doing the following in Terminal.

"sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop"

* Done. As before, select Kubuntu session from GDM.

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Xubuntu
Xubuntu is a Canonical Ltd. recognized, community maintained derivative of the Ubuntu operating system, based on lightweight Xfce desktop environment. Similar to Lubuntu's LXDE environment, the Xfce desktop environment is intended to use fewer system resources than the default Ubuntu Unity desktop. The Xubuntu developers claim that the minimum RAM Xubuntu can be run on is 128 MB, with 256 MB of RAM strongly recommended.

* Install Xubuntu in Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal by doing the following in Terminal.

"sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop"

* Done. Now, simply select Xubuntu session from Ubuntu GDM login window.

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Ubuntu Server Edition

The Ubuntu Server Edition – built on the solid foundation of Debian which is known for its robust server installations — has a strong heritage for reliable performance and predictable evolution.

The Ubuntu Server Edition is changing the server market for businesses by delivering the best of free software on a stable, fully supported and secure platform. In the two years since initial launch Ubuntu can now be found in hundreds of organisations across the world delivering key services reliably, predictably and economically. Ubuntu Server Edition is an energy efficient, low memory and disk footprint operating system that helps build server functions that respect our environment with no compromise on agility and versatility.

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Edubuntu
Edubuntu’s objective is to create an integrated and usable experience for educational users by enhancing Ubuntu with educational applications, tools, content, and themes.

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Ubuntu Netbook Remix

Ubuntu Netbook Remix is optimised to run on a new category of affordable Internet-centric devices called netbooks. It includes a new consumer-friendly interface that allows users to quickly and easily get on-line and use their favourite applications. This interface is optimised for a retail sales environment.

Canonical has collaborated with Intel and is working with a number of OEM’s to deliver Ubuntu on netbooks in retail. In keeping with the philosophy of our best work being available to everyone, the core remix product is available to all through the Canonical repositories. This version is free to download and modify by any user.

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Ubuntu Mobile

Ubuntu MID Edition targets an exciting new class of computers called Mobile Internet Devices. Ubuntu MID, based on the world’s most popular Linux distribution, and MID hardware from OEMs and ODMs, is redefining what can be done in mobile computing.

Ubuntu MID Edition, a fully open source project, gives the full Internet, with no compromise. Custom options may include licensed codecs and popular third-party applications.

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Gobuntu

Gobuntu is a GNU/Linux operating system, derived from Ubuntu, that endeavors to adhere to the Free Software Foundation’s four freedoms and intends to provide a base for other free software platforms to build upon with minimal modification required. It does this by only including open-source non-restricted software. This means there will be no firmware, drivers, applications, or content included in Gobuntu that does not include the full source or whose license does not provide the right to use, study, modify, and redistribute the body of work.

Gobuntu shares the same system requirements as Ubuntu. At present, this means Gobuntu is available for 32-bit and 64-Bit PC architectures and the install requires at least 4 GB of disk space.

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Ubuntu Studio

Ubuntu Studio. A multimedia creation flavor of Ubuntu.

Ubuntu Studio is aimed at the GNU/Linux audio, video and graphic enthusiast as well as professional.

We provide a suite of the best open-source applications available for multimedia creation. Completely free to use, modify and redistribute. Your only limitation is your imagination.

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Mythbuntu

Mythbuntu is an community supported add-on for Ubuntu focused upon setting up a standalone MythTV based PVR system. It can be used to prepare a standalone system or for integration with an existing MythTV network. Unlike similar projects, Mythbuntu keeps close ties with Ubuntu and all development is given back to Ubuntu. This architecture allows simple conversions from a standard desktop to a Mythbuntu machine and vice versa. The development cycle of Mythbuntu closely follows that of Ubuntu, releasing every six months with Ubuntu releases.

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Ubuntu Jeos

Ubuntu Server Edition JeOS (pronounced “Juice”) is an efficient variant of our server operating system, configured specifically for virtual appliances. Currently available as a CD-Rom ISO for download, JeOS is a specialised installation of Ubuntu Server Edition with a tuned kernel that only contains the base elements needed to run within a virtualized environment.

Users deploying virtual appliances built on top of JeOS will benefit from:

* better perfomances on the same hardware compared to a full non-optimised OS
* smaller footprint of the virtual appliance on their valuable disk space
* fewer updates and therefore less maintenance than a full server installation
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Nubuntu

The main goal of nUbuntu is to create a distribution which is derived from the Ubuntu distribution, and add packages related to security testing and remove unneeded packages. nUbuntu is the result of an idea two people had to create a new distribution for the learning experience back in early 2006, when Ubuntu was in its still early stages. nUbuntu started many years ago as a project with the intent for its developers to learn about distribution development and quickly evolved into a full scale project after recieving a large community response. Currently today, we have many developers and a large contributing communinty. Anyone interested in helping may do so by contributing ideas and packages directly to the nUbuntu developers.

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Ubuntu Satanic Edition

In reaction to the Ubuntu Christian version we have:
Ubuntu SE is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. It brings together the best free software and free metal music on one CD.

You can also upgrade your existing Ubuntu installation with a comprehensive set of themes to make your desktop dark and malevolent. Don’t worry; you can easily change your system back if you intend to recant.

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Ubuntu Mini Remix

You want to build your own Ubuntu based livecd, having the complete control over the installed software but you don’t know where to start? Ubuntu Mini Remix is here to help you!

Ubuntu Mini Remix is a fully working Ubuntu livecd containing only the minimal set of software to make the system work. Ubuntu Mini Remix ISO image is only 133MB.

After downloading Ubuntu Mini Remix you can use Ubuntu Customization Kit, Reconstructor or any other tool to remaster the ISO and add the software/configurations you want, building your own Ubuntu based live cd.

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Eeebuntu

Eeebuntu Standard contains everything you need to get working and playing on your EeePC from the beginning. It includes a full suite of internet applications, including Firefox for browsing, Pidgin for IM chat, and Thunderbird for mail. For work, a full suite of OpenOffice applications; Database, Presentation, Spreadsheet and Word – all Microsoft Office compatible; and a selection of multimedia applications: VLC for watching movies and Banshee for listening to music. You even have support for your iPod with gtkpod!

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And Lot's More...

Ubuntu Studio:Best Linux Multimedia Distribution

Best Linux Multimedia Distribution: Ubuntu Studio
General Linux distributions have come a long way in terms of multimedia performance. Rare is the audio or video file that can't be played on Linux. Music services such as Rhapsody and video sites like YouTube and Hulu are also standards-compliant and accessible to Linux users.

Still, for those users who are multimedia creators as well as consumers, there are Linux distributions that contain powerful tools for audio and video editing.

The best in this class is currently Ubuntu Studio. For audio, video, and graphic production, it contains a very complete set of tools, as well as format and codec support for a huge range of multimedia formats.

The applications contained in Ubuntu Studio are the same or similar to those used by major studios to create cutting edge work, so users are getting the best apps, coupled with the strong support ethos already found in the Ubuntu community.

Application Lists

The default application lists have changed and the latest list of applications that comes with Ubuntu Studio 11.04 is a little different from that of Ubuntu Studio 10.10.
Audio

Suites including the best open-source applications available. For instance, Ardour 2 – A multitrack recorder/editor geared toward people familiar with Pro-Tools.
Video

Blender, Kino, and Stopmotion are included for video creation. We hope to provide a creative environment to people as well as give a spotlight to some amazing open-source applications.
Graphics

Graphic design and modeling applications including The GIMP, Inkscape and Blender. Along with plugins like dcraw to help with RAW camera files and wacom-tools for people with Wacom drawing tablets.

Creating an Ubuntu Live USB from CD

How to Create an Ubuntu Live USB Persistent Flash Drive from a running Live CD: In the following segment I show you how I used the Official Startup Disk Creator (created by the Ubuntu team) to put Ubuntu on a USB Flash Drive. Ubuntu's Casper Persistent feature can also be used for saving and restoring changes on subsequent boots. Ubuntu is a Linux distribution created by Canonical Ltd
Distribution Home Page: Ubuntu

Minimum Flash Drive Capacity: 1GB

Persistent Feature: Yes

Ubuntu USB Flash Drive creation via CD essentials

* Working CD Drive and an Ubuntu Live CD
* 1GB or larger USB flash drive (I recommend a 4GB if using persistence)

Installing Ubuntu to a Flash Drive via Startup Disk Creator:

Note: Back up ALL data from your Flash Drive before proceeding!

1. Insert your Ubuntu CD and restart your computer, booting from the Live CD
2. Insert a 1GB or larger USB flash drive
3. Navigate to System > Administration > Startup Disk Creator:

Next, (1) Select your Flash Drive from Disk to use (2) Choose to Erase Disk (Make sure you have backed up any important data first)



Now, (1) Select the partition related to your Flash Drive, (2) For Persistence, select the option Stored in reserved extra space and adjust the slider to desired capacity (4) Click the Make Startup Disk button:

6. A bar appears to indicate the progress of the install. Once the installation is complete, remove the CD, restart your computer and set your Boot Menu or System BIOS to boot from your USB device.

You should now be booting from your Ubuntu Startup Disk

Enjoy...

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